Na entrada anterior púidose observar o carácter prioritario da pintura e do debuxo para Leonardo da Vinci. Empregaremos esta entrada, de novo da man de Tatarkiewicz, para amosar de forma máis precisa o por que desta aseveración por parte do autor que nos ocupa.
A comparación faise con tres disciplinas artísticas. O primeiro é o caso da poesía, o segundo da música e, finalmente, o terceiro da escultura. Así pois, aquí quedan todas reflexadas a partir de fragmentos de Tatarkiewicz.
“Painting stands higher tan poetry because: 1. it has a wider scope: it is the
only art which imitates all visible
things, even those for which poetry lacks words; 2. it represents things
through pictures, not words, and a word is to a picture as a shadow to a real
body; 3. it represents things with a greater truth than poetry, for words are
conventional; 4. it represents nature, the work of God, not human inventions as
poetry does; 5. it uses the most noble and reliable of the senses, the eye,
whereas poetry uses one less deserving of confidence, the ear; 6. it is based
on knowledge, specially optical knowledge, and moreover, greatly expands this
knowledge; 7. painting cannot be copied, as is done with some literary works,
where the copy is just as valuable as the original; “the uniqueness” of
painting makes it more glorious than the other arts; 8. it is more accessible
to people than poetry, requires less commentary; 9. its impact is more
immediate; 10. it interests and attracts people, whereas poetic descriptions
often bore and fatigue them; 11. it contains harmony like the harmony of music;
12. it has the advantage that it presents its entire content at once, whereas poetry does so in stages and needs
time for this.” - TATARKIEWICZ, Wladyslaw, History of Aesthetics. Volume 3. Modern Aesthetics, England, Thoemmes Press, 1974, p. 128-129.
Leonardo non queda aí, senón que tamén
equipara a pintura a outras artes, como son a música e a escultura. Dá razóns
ao respecto dunha e doutra:
“Painting stands higher tan music for the same reasons it stands higher tan
poetry (it adresses a higher sense, etc.) and also because: 1. painting
endures, while music dies immediately after performance; 2. it has a wider
scope and embraces everything, the università e varietà di cose, depicting things which are in nature as
well as others which are not.” - TATARKIEWICZ, Wladyslaw, History of Aesthetics. Volume 3. Modern Aesthetics, England,
Thoemmes Press, 1974, p. 129.
Finalmente, dá a súa vision da pintura con respecto da
escultura:
“Finally, painting stands higher tan sculpture
because: 1. it is a more intellectual art
and requires less physical exertion than sculpture; 2. it represents a higher
degree of knowledge: sculpture does not require the mental effort and
deliberation, which is peculiar to this knowledge, and is necessary in order to
represent space on a flat surface; 3. it has wider tasks; of the ten functions
of the eye (light, shade, colour, body, form, position, distance, nearness,
movement and rest) seven are realized in
painting, but only five in sculpture (…); 4. the scope of sculpture is more
limited; for example, one cannot represent things like transparent and luminous
bodies; 5. painting creates a miracle (miraviglia), giving the illusion of space, shadows and perspective, whereas the
sculptor simply makes things as they are; 6. painting is more difficult than
sculpture because it depicts things that are distant and intangible; 7. it is
richer because sculpture does not use colours; 8. it is more independent
because sculpture makes figures which are already potentially contained in
marble; shadows are placed on the sculpture by nature, not by the sculptor; and
similarly, nature dictates the proportions of the sculpture; 9. painting is
more diverse because it can represent bodies form various angles, whereas
sculpture has only two possible aspects, from the front or from the back.”
- TATARKIEWICZ, Wladyslaw, History
of Aesthetics. Volume 3. Modern
Aesthetics, England, Thoemmes Press, 1974, p. 129.
